IRNASA-CSIC RESEARCH GROUP: SOIL AND WATER CONTAMINATION BY PESTICIDES (Salamanca, Spain).

1. Background and members of the group

 The research team Contamination of Soil and Water by Pesticides is a group of the Department of Environmental Degradation Processes and its Remediation at Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. This group works on the fate of pesticides in soils, contamination of soil and water by pesticides, development of physicochemical technologies for remediation of soil and water contaminated by pesticides. The specific objectives address, by laboratory and field experiments, 1) the influence of organic amendments and conservation agricultural practices on the dynamics and modelling of pesticides in soil and 2) the effect of organic amendments and pesticides simultaneously applied on the soil microbial communities. The final purpose is to use environmentally friendly soil management strategies for sustainable food production in agricultural soils susceptible to degradation and/or erosion.

The research team has the recognition of Consolidate Research Unit of Castille and Leon (UIC-275). The research team is member of the National Network of Soils – NEOS (RED2018-102624-T).

- Dr. Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz, Scientist Researcher CSIC since 2008, is the Group leader, and has been a member of the research team for over 24 years, with expertise in field and laboratory studies of adsorption-desorption, mobility and degradation/dissipation of pesticides in natural and organically amended soils, and soil microbial communities. She began her research career working on the lines indicated above during the course of her doctoral thesis, and later completed her training in pesticide degradation and microbial communities involved, during her postdoctoral stay abroad at the University of Warwick, Warwick-HRI (UK). She is responsible for the Consolidate Research Unit (UIC-275) of Castille and León. The main scientific contributions are results from her participation as researcher or principal investigator in 32 research projects (4 EU projects, 10 National projects, 6 Regional projects, 9 projects funded by CSIC, AECID, USAL and 3 projects funded by DEFRA-UK. She has participated as researcher or responsible researcher in 6 research contracts with private and public institutions. She is member of the Excellence Unit at IRNASA-CSIC funded by Junta de CyL from 2021 to 2024. She has published 90 articles in JCR journals. Furthermore, she has published 13 papers in other journals, 71 in collective books, Proceedings and reports, and 64 articles in divulgation media. She has presented 141 communications in National (46) and International (95) conferences. She has supervised Ph.D. theses (4 + 2 currently ongoing), Master´s theses (2), and has tutored foreign and Spanish students with fellowships JAE-INTRO (CSIC) or Leonardo da Vinci (EU). She has taught seminars and participates since 2006 at the University of La Rioja lecturing for Ph.D. students. ORCID: 0000-0001-6748-3391. H index: 31.

- Dr. Jesús Mª Marín-Benito, Titular Scientist CSIC since December 2021, who performed his Ph.D. with the research team (2008-2011) (fellowship JAE-predoc, CSIC). After that, he has been hired as a postdoctoral researcher (28 months, from January 2012 to May 2014) at INRA-Grignon (France) working in modeling the environmental behavior of pesticides. Later he came back at IRNASA-CSIC with a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación contract (2016-2018) and a postdoctoral contract associated to the project AGL2015-69485-R (June-December 2018). He has experience in the use of pesticide fate models as tools to assess the dynamics of pesticides in soils and to predict the potential risk of contamination of soil and water by pesticides. He has participated in 22 R&D projects (1 as PI) (11 National, 7 International, 4 International Actions). He has published 37 JCR papers. He has also published 8 papers in other journals, 2 book chapter, 15 in collective books, 15 in conference proceedings and 13 in divulgation media and has presented 53 communications in International (36) and National (17) Conferences. Moreover, he has supervised 2 PhD thesis and other in progress. He has also supervised 13 Master/Degree/FP training students and 1 Master thesis, and taught 12 Summer courses/seminars/divulgation conferences. ORCID: 0000-0002-8801-7389. H index: 17.

- Dr. Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín, Research Professor CSIC Ad Honórem since December 2021. She has been a member of the research team since she started working on the research lines indicated above and has a wide experience of more than 35 years working with soils, pesticides and organic residues to evaluate the fate of pesticides in soils and the effect of their application on the soil sustainability. She has directed and/or participated in more than 50 research projects, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (17), Regional Government (12), and other organisms (EU, AECID, CSIC) (21) and different private companies (10). She has published 135 research papers in journals included in the SCI, 36 in journals no SCI, 68 in collective or Proceeding books and 29 articles in divulgation media. She has presented more than 200 communications in national and international conferences. She has directed (or co-directed) Ph.D. theses (13) and Master’s theses (6). Furthermore, she has been responsible for foreign and Spanish graduates´ training stays in the group. ORCID: 0000-0002-8304-1232. H index: 36.

- Dr. Mª Soledad Andrades, Professor at the University of La Rioja, with expertise mobility and persistence of pesticides in soils under field conditions. She has worked with the research team for more than 25 years. She has conducted works in laboratory and field experimental plots in vineyard soils of La Rioja carried out by the research team in recent projects funded by the National and Regional Research Plans. ORCID: 0000-0003-4136-8656. 43 articles in JCR journals. H index: 22.

- Dr. Eliseo Herrero Hernández, currently he is working as Associate Professor on Analytical Chemistry Department at University of Salamanca. Postdoctoral researcher JAE-Doc CSIC (2009-2012) and postdoctoral contract associated to the Project AGL2010-15976AGR (2012-2013), with expertise in analytical methods to determine organic pesticides and their metabolites. ORCID: 0000-0002-5778-9183. 36 articles in JCR journals. H index: 22.

Furthermore, the group has one technical assistant CSIC (José M. Ordax).

2. Projects funded by public or private agencies over the last five years.

2.1. European projects
1. Biostimulant alternative casing for a sustainable and profitable mushroom industry (Ref.No.: BIOSCHAMP-101000651). Funded by EU (H2020-SFS-2020-1; SFS-04-2019-2020). PI (IRNASA-CSIC): Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. Funded amount: 4,2M€ (172,562.50€-IRNASA). Partners: CTICH, INAGRO, WR, CSIC, FERTINAGRO, EKOFUNGI, INNOVARUM, EUROCHAMP, KEKKILA-BVB, NEWFOSS, UGLK.

2. Innovative Soil Management Practices across Europe (i-SoMPE). 460,000.00€ (12,200.00€-IRNASA). H2020- EJP-SOIL-Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils. 2021- 2022. Responsible IRNASA-CSIC: M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz.

3. External organic matters for climate mitigation and soil health (EOM4Soil). 2 M€ (420,307 € CSIC). H2020- EJP-SOIL-Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils. 2021-2024. Responsible CSIC: M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz.

2.2. National projects
1. Dynamics of pesticides in experimental field plots amended with organic residues: Simulation of transport in the soil as a tool to predict water pollution (SITRANSPE). AGL2015-69485-R. Funded by MINECO. 2016-2018. PI: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín. Funded amount: 78.650,00 €

2. Coupling pesticide fate modelling and conservation cropping systems to reduce the agriculture footprints on ecosystems (PEMOCONCROS) Ref. RTI2018-101587-J-I00 (PE I+D+I Retos de la Sociedad, JIN project). Funded by MICIU-FEDER. 2019-2022. PI: Jesús Mª Marín Benito. Funded amount: 169.400,00 €.

3. Residues of herbicides in soils: Factors influencing their formation and posible effects in rotational crops (RESHERSOIL). PID2020-113379RB-I00 (PE I+D+i Retos de la Sociedad). Funded by AEI-MICINN. 2021-2023. PI: Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. . Funded amount: 125.840,00 €.

2.3. Regional projects
1. Assessing the impact of the simultaneous application of organic amendments and pesticides in agricultural soil microbial communities of Castile and León (CSI264A12-1). Funded by “Junta de Castilla y León”. 2012–2014. PI: Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. Funded amount: 30.000,00 €

2. Application of herbicides and organic residues in crops of Castile and León and its impact on the sustainability of soils. (CSI240U14). Funded by “Junta de Castilla y León”. 2015–2017. PI: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín. Funded amount: 28.891,00 €

2.4. Other projects and contracts
1. Characterization of the exposure of the environment to biocontrol products comprising natural substances applied in field crops and their impact on the environment. Pari Scientifiques Program. Funded by l´Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France). 2021-2023. PI: Laure Mamy (INRAE). Responsible IRNASA-CSIC: Jesús Mª Marín Benito. Funded amount: 79.414,00 €

2. Development of regenerative viticulture techniques to improve the quality of the soils of the Rioja vineyard and the quality of the grapes they produce-VITIREG. Funds for the operational groups of the European Innovation Association to develop innovative projects. General Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock, Council of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Government of La Rioja. 2019-2023. PI: Mª Soledad Andrades (Univ. La Rioja)/ Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz (IRNASA). Funded amount: 100.332,32€ (Univ. La Rioja-IRNASA)

3. Use of certified agricultural practices in organic farming as a method of conservation and management of the landscape of the dehesa ecosystem. Coordinated Project IRNASA-CSIC-USAL. Funded by Diputación de Salamanca. 2018-2021. PI: Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz (subproject 2). Funded amount: 139.000,00 €.

4. Funds to create the operational group “regenerative viticulture” of the European Association for Innovation in agricultural productivity and sustainability. Rural Development Plan of La Rioja. Call 2017. General Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock, Council of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Government of La Rioja. 2018. PI: Mª Soledad Andrades. Funded amount: 29.999,98 €.

5. Collaboration agreement between the Excma. Diputación Provincial de Salamanca and the Agencia Estatal CSIC, M.P. to implement a contract for the analysis of the effects of the use of metolachlor in crops grown in the province of Salamanca. Funded by Diputación de Salamanca. 2017-2018. PI: Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. Funded amount: 10.000,00 €.

6. Evaluation et modélisation quantitative multicritères de systèmes de culture en rupture à faible usage de pesticides en réseau multi-sites, répondant aux exigences ECOPHYTO 2018” (System-Eco-Puissance4). 360.000€. ONEMA (France), 2012–2018. Coordinator: Nicolás Munier-Jolain (INRA). Participant IRNASA-CSIC: Jesús M. Marín-Benito.

3. SCI articles over the last five years
1. Álvarez-Martín, A.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Ordax, J.M.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2017. Leaching of two fungicides in spent mushroom substrate amended soil: Influence of amendment rate, fungicide ageing and flow condition. Science of the Total Environment (Netherlands), 584-585: 828-837. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.126.

2. Cristale, J.; Álvarez-Martín, A.; Rodríguez-Cruz, S.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Lacorte, S. 2017. Sorption and desorption of organophosphate esters with different hydrophobicity by soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Germany), 24: 27870-27878. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0360-0.

3. Herrero-Hernández, E.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Pose-Juan, E.; Sánchez-González, S.; Andrades, M.S.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J. 2017. Seasonal distribution of herbicide and insecticide residues in the water resources of the vineyard region of La Rioja (Spain). Science of the Total Environment (Netherlands), 609: 161-171. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.113.

4. Marín-Benito, J.M.; Herrero-Hernández, E.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Arienzo, M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J. 2017. Study of processes influencing bioavailability of pesticides in wood-soil systems: Effect of different factors. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (USA), 139: 454-462. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.012.

5. Pose-Juan, E.; Igual, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2017. Influence of herbicide triasulfuron on soil microbial community in an unamended soil and a soil amended with organic residues. Frontiers in Microbiology (Switzerland), 8: 378. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00378.

6. Lammoglia, S.K.; Moeys, J.; Barriuso, E.; Larsbo, M.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; Justes, E.; Alletto, L.; Ubertosi, M.; Nicolardot, B.; Munier-Jolain, N.; Mamy, L. 2017. Sequential use of the STICS crop model and the MACRO pesticide fate model to simulate pesticides leaching in cropping systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Germany), 24: 6895-6909. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6842-7.

7. Marín-Benito, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Ordax, J.M.; Draoui, K.; Azejjel, H.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2018. Organic sorbents as barriers to decrease the mobility of herbicides in soils. Modelling of the leaching process. Geoderma (England), 313: 205-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.033.

8. Marín-Benito, J.M.; Barba, V.; Ordax, J.M.; Andrades, M.S.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2018. Application of green compost as amendment in an agricultural soil: Effect on the behaviour of triasulfuron and prosulfocarb under field conditions. Journal of Environmental Management (England), 207: 180-191. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.024.

9. Marín-Benito, J.M.; Alletto, L.; Barriuso, E.; Bedos, C.; Benoit, P.; Pot, V.; Mamy, L. 2018. Pesticide fate modeling in conservation tillage: simulating the effect of mulch and cover crop on S-metolachlor leaching. Science of the Total Environment (Netherlands), 628-629: 1508-1517. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.144.

10. García-Delgado, C.; Barba, V.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; Igual, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2018. Simultaneous application of two herbicides and green compost in a field experiment: Implications on soil microbial community. Applied Soil Ecology (Netherlands), 127: 30-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.03.004

11. Climent, M.J.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Pedreros, P.; Urrutia, R.; Herrero-Hernández, E. 2018. Determination of pesticides in river surface waters of Central Chile using SPE-GC-MS multi-residue method. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society (Chile), 63: 4023-4031. DOI: 10.4067/s0717-97072018000204023

12. Marín-Benito, J.M; Barba, V.; Ordax, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2018. Recycling organic residues in soils as amendments: Effect on the mobility of two herbicides under different management practices. Journal of Environmental Management (England), 224:172-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.045

13. Pose-Juan, E.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2018. Dissipation of herbicides after repeated application in soils amended with green compost and sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Management (England), 223: 1068-1077. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.026

14. García-Delgado, C.; Barba, V.; Marín-Benito, J.M., Igual, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2019. Influence of different agricultural management practices on soil microbial community over dissipation time of two herbicides. Science of the Total Environment (Netherlands), 646: 1478-1488. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.395

15. Marín-Benito, J.M.; Carpio, M.J.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2019. Previous degradation study of two herbicides to simulate their fate in a sandy loam soil: effect of the temperature and the organic amendments. Science of the Total Environment (Netherlands), 653: 1301-1310. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.015

16. Barba, V.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; García-Delgado, C.; Sánchez Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2019. Assessment of 14C-prosulfocarb dissipation mechanism in soil after amendment and its impact on the microbial community. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 182: 109395. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109395

17. Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Pose-Juan, E.; Marín-Benito, J.M.; Igual, J.M.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J. 2019. Pethoxamid dissipation and microbial activity and structure in an agricultural soil: Effect of herbicide rate and organic residues. Applied Soil Ecology 140, pp. 135-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.04.011

18. Climent, M.J.; Herrero-Hernández, E.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Pedreros, P.; Urrutia, R. 2019. Residues of pesticides and some metabolites in dissolved and particulate phase in surface stream water of Cachapoal River basin, central Chile. Environmental Pollution 251, pp. 90-101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.117

19. Barba, V., Marín-Benito, J.M., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2020. Transport of 14C-prosulfocarb through soil columns under different amendment, herbicide incubation and irrigation regimes.Science of The Total Environment 701, art. 134542. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134542

20. García-Delgado, C., Marín-Benito, J.M., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2020. Organic carbon nature determines the capacity of organic amendments to adsorb pesticides in soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 390, art. 122162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122162

21. Carpio, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., García-Delgado, C., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Marín-Benito, J.M. 2020. Mobility monitoring of two herbicides in amended soils: A field study for modeling applications. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, art. 1101612. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110161

22. Marín-Benito, J.M., Mamy, L., Carpio, M.J., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2020. Modelling herbicides mobility in amended soils: Calibration and test of PRZM and MACRO. Science of the Total Environment, 717, art. 137019. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137019

23. Marín-Benito, J.M., Carpio, M.J., Mamy, L., Andrades, M.S., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2020. Field measurement and modelling of chlorotoluron and flufenacet persistence in unamended and amended soils. Science of the Total Environment 725: 138374. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138374

24. Carpio, M.J., García-Delgado, C., Marín-Benito, J.M., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz M.S. 2020. Soil microbial community changes in a field treatment with chlorotoluron, flufenacet and diflufenican and two organic amendments. Agronomy, 10: 1166. DOI:10.3390/agronomy10081166

25. Carrasco, J., García.Delgado, C., Lavega, R., Tello M.L., De Toro, M., Barba-Vicente, V., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Sánchez-Martín, M.J, Pérez, M., Preston, G.M. 2020. Holistic assessment of the microbiome dynamics in the substrates used for commercial champignon (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Microbial Biotechnology, 13: 1933-1947. DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13639

26. Herrero-Hernández, E., Simón-Egea, A.B., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Andrades, M.S. 2020. Monitoring and environmental risk assessment of pesticide residues and some of their degradation products in natural waters of the Spanish vineyard region included in the Denomination of Origin Jumilla. Environmental Pollution, 264: 114666. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114666

27. Marín-Benito, J.M., Herrero-Hernández, E., Ordax, J.M., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2021. The role of two organic amendments to modify the environmental fate of S-metolachlor in agricultural soils. Environmental Research, 195: 110871. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110871

28. Carpio, M.J., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Marín-Benito, J.M. 2021. Effect of Organic Residues on Pesticide Behavior in Soils: A Review of Laboratory Research. Environments 8, 32. DOI: 10.3390/environments8040032

29. Manjarres-López, D.P., Andrades, M.S., Sánchez-González, S., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Herrero-Hernández, E. 2021. Assessment of pesticide residues in waters and soils of a vineyard region and its temporal evolution. Environmental Pollution, 284: 117463. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117463.

30. Carpio, M.J., Marín-Benito, J.M., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S. 2021. Changes in the persistence of two herbicides after repeated application in field experiments with organically-amended soil. Agronomy, 11(6), 1125. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11061125

31. Carpio, M.J., Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Sánchez-Martín, M.J., Marín-Benito, J.M. 2022. Pesticide Fate in Soils Under Different Agricultural Management Practices. In: Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S., Sánchez-Martín, M.J. (eds) Pesticides in Soils. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 113, pp. 251-286. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/698_2021_800.

32. Herrero-Hernández, E.; Andrades, M.S.; Villalba Eguren, G.; Sánchez-Martín, M.J.; Rodríguez-Cruz, M.S.; Marín-Benito, J.M. Organic Amendment for the Recovery of Vineyard Soils: Effects of a Single Application on Soil Properties over Two Years. Processes 2022, 10, 317. DOI: 10.3390/pr10020317

4. Training and formation capacity (last 5 years)
4.1. Ph.D. Theses, Master’s or BSc Theses
1. Alba Álvarez Martín. Ph.D Thesis: Evaluación de la contaminación de suelos y aguas por pesticidas en zonas de viñedo de la Rioja: Diagnóstico y desarrollo de estrategias fisicoquímicas de prevención y/o control. Supervisors: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín and Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. University of Salamanca, Spain. Date: 17 March 2016. Mark: Sobresaliente Cum Laude.

2. Víctor Barba Vicente. Ph.D Thesis: Disipación de herbicidas en un suelo enmendado con residuos orgánicos: Ensayos en campo e impacto en las comunidades microbianas del suelo. Supervisors: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín, Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz and Jesús Mª Marín Benito. University of Salamanca. Date: 13 December 2019. Mark: Sobresaliente Cum Laude (Doctorate Extraordinary Award 2020).

3. María José Climent Morales. Ph.D Thesis: Presencia de Pesticidas en Agua Superficial y Aire de la Cuenca del Rio Cachapoal, Chile Central: Evaluación del Riesgo para la Biota Acuática y Salud Humana. Supervisors: Roberto Urrutia, Ricardo Barra and Eliseo Herrero Hernández. Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Date: 16 May 2019. Mark: Sobresaliente (6.8/7).

4. Mª José Carpio Espinosa. Ph.D. Thesis: Dinámica de pesticidas en parcelas de campo experimentales enmendadas con residuos orgánicos: Simulación de su transporte en el suelo como herramienta para predecir la contaminación de aguas. Supervisors: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín, Mª Sonia Rodríguez Cruz and Jesús Mª Marín Benito. Date: 23 July 2021. Mark: Sobresaliente Cum Laude (Doctorate Extraordinary Award 2022).

5. Marwa Douibi. Ph.D. Thesis: Modelización de la dinámica de pesticidas en un sistema de agricultura de conservación para mitigar su impacto en los ecosistemas. Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Biología. Directores: M. Sonia Rodríguez Cruz, Jesús M. Marín Benito. In progress (2020-2023).

7. Jesús Gómez Ciudad. Ph.D. Thesis: Efecto de residuos de herbicidas en cultivo primario y de rotación en suelos agrícolas bajo diferentes condiciones de tratamiento. University of Salamanca, Faculty of Biology. Supervisors: M. Sonia Rodríguez Cruz, Mª Ángeles Gómez Sánchez. In progress (2021-2024).

8. Geovanny Alexander Abaunza. Master’s Thesis: Assessing of risks from the use of organic waste as soil amendments: Implications for the behavior of herbicides in soil. Supervisors: Mª Jesús Sánchez Martín, Antonio M. Álvarez Valero and Eva Pose Juan. University of Salamanca, 2014.

9. Alberto Moyano García. Master’s Thesis: Study of the effects of triasulfuron herbicide on the structure and composition of soil microbiota in soil amended with organic matter. Supervisors: Eva Pose Juan and J.M. Igual. University of Salamanca, 2015.

10. Diana Patricia Manjarrés López. Master’s Thesis: Estudio de la presencia de plaguicidas en aguas superficiales, subterráneas y suelos en zonas de viñedo, ubicados en Rioja oriental (D.O.Ca. Rioja Baja). Análisis de su evolución temporal desde el año 2011 hasta el año 2019. Supervisors: Marisol Andrades Rodríguez and Eliseo Herrero Hernández. University of La Rioja, 2019.

11. Akhil Krishtammagari. Master’s Thesis: Mulching and soil organic amendments: Effect on the adsorption-desorption of herbicides. Supervisor: Jesús M. Marín-Benito. University of Padua, Italy. 2022.

12. Ana Belén Simón Egea. BSc thesis: Presencia de plaguicidas y sus productos de degradación en aguas naturales en la D.O. Jumilla. Supervisors: M. Soledad Andrades Rodríguez and Eliseo Herrero Hernández. University of La Rioja, June 2017.

13. Jorge Buendía Galindo. BSc thesis: Evaluación del estado de la contaminación por pesticidas de las aguas naturales en España. Supervisor: Eliseo Herrero Hernández. University of Salamanca, 2019.

14. Pedro Villalta Villalta. BSc thesis: Estudio de la evolución temporal de la contaminación por plaguicidas en aguas naturales de zonas vitícolas ubicadas en la subzona de Rioja Alta. Supervisors: Marisol Andrades Rodríguez and Eliseo Herrero Hernández. University of La Rioja, 2019.

15. Sonia Santana Costoya. BSc thesis: Revisión Bibliográfica. Evaluación del estado de la contaminación por plaguicidas de origen agrario en las aguas naturales. Supervisors: Marisol Andrades Rodríguez and Eliseo Herrero Hernández. University of La Rioja, 2019.

16. Alain Kintana Gento. BSc thesis: Viticultura sostenible. Presentación y evolución de la contaminación por plaguicidas y algunos de sus productos de degradación en aguas naturales de Rioja Alavesa. University of La Rioja, Faculty of Science and Technology. Supervisors: Marisol Andrades Rodríguez and Eliseo Herrero-Hernández. 21/06/2020.

17. Sabrina Bárcena del Castillo. BSc thesis: Residuos de herbicidas en cultivo de cereal en suelos agrícolas bajo diferente manejo. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Faculty of Environmental Sciences. Supervisor: M. Sonia Rodríguez Cruz. 2022 (in progress).

4.2. Participation in Courses and/or Conferences: 
1. Master in Agrobiotechnology of the University of Salamanca.

2. Master and/or Ph.D. Programme on Sustainable Agricultural Ecosystems of the University of La Rioja, Logroño.

3. Universities Forum. Knowledge transfer University-Industry from Environmental and Food Areas. European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid.

3. Ph.D. Programme: Terrestrial ecosystems, Sustainable Uses and Environmental. Cycle: Soil Architecture, Transport and Contamination. Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo.

4. Seminars at the Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA, CSIC, Salamanca.

5. Seminar at HydroSciences centre. University of Montpellier.

6. Master in Environmental Health and Project Management. Department of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier.

7. Specialization Course “Advances in analytical methods of soils and waters”. International University of Andalusia.

8. Feria del Sector Agropecuario Salamaq. Professional Workshop. Salamanca.

9. VI Jornadas Universitarias del Vino Ecológico. University of La Rioja.

10. Doctorate Program in Agrobiotechnology, University of Salamanca, Spain.

11. Conference: ¿Sería posible la vida en el planeta sin el suelo? Ciudad Ciencia Programme CSIC-FECYT. IES Parque de Monfragüe and Colegio Santísima Trinidad, IES Sierra de Santa Bárbara and IES Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, and CEIP Virgen de Argeme, Coria (Cáceres). April 11, May 16, June 3, 2019.

12. Scientific Seminar: Evaluation of the contamination by pesticides in natural waters in vineyard areas of La Rioja. Comparison with results obtained in 2011. Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino – CSIC, 26 March 2019.

13. Conference: Revision of the contamination of waters by pesticides in two vineyard áreas. Effect of climatic conditions on pesticides detected in D.O.Ca. La Rioja and D.O. Jumilla. V Jornadas Agroecológicas de La Rioja. Centro Cultural Ibercaja, Logroño, 26 March 2019.

14. Conference: Incorporación de enmiendas orgánicas y otras prácticas agrícolas para la conservación de los ecosistemas suelo y agua: el caso de los pesticidas, within the Summer course “Degradación y Recuperación de suelos”. Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid, 8 July 2021.

15. Scientific Seminar: Manejo del suelo en agricultura: Impacto en el destino medioambiental de los pesticidas. Complejo Científico Tecnológico. University of La Rioja, Logroño, 25 March 2022.